Entity Setup

Before any trades can be booked, the target entity must be set up appropriately.

Reference Data

Storage & Configuration

Eagle models each CDX security master file (SMF) as a single row in Data Management. Positions can be held long (positive units) or short (negative units) in Eagle, which dictates whether the position is selling or buying protection.

Market Data

All CDXs are traded with a fixed interest rate of 1% or 5%. The market standard par-based pricing is supported in Eagle, with gain/loss and cash flows correctly calculated based on selling or buying protection, whether the price is above or below 100, and the direction of price movement.

Factors associated with credit events are loaded as corporate actions. Factors do not have to be loaded prior to the initial open, but creating a corporate action for dated date with a factor of 1.00 will prevent users from having to enter it manually.

Both issuer and security RED Codes are supported in Eagle's data model. Security RED Codes can be added using the Red Code (2517) field if it does not need to be used as a cross reference identifier. There are two options for storing a RED Code as a cross reference identifier:

1. During security setup
   1. Set Primary Asset ID Type (1432) or Alternate Asset ID Type (5501) = RED 
   2. Set Primary Asset ID (14) or Alternate Asset ID (1795) = the RED Code
2. After the security has been set up, use Add Security Cross Reference
   1. Set Xreference Security ID Type (1234) = RED
   2. Set Xreference Security ID (1233) = the RED Code

Issuer RED Codes are incorporated into Eagle's Issuer Relationship architecture. An issuer must first be tagged with a RED code by using Add Issuer Cross Reference and following these steps.

1. Query for the issuer by Issuer ID (1144) or Issuer Name (1173)
2. Set Sub Issuer ID Type (10454) = ISSUERRED
3. Set Sub Issuer ID (3459) = the Issuer RED Code

These Issuer RED Codes will be returned in Sub Issuer ID on the SMF.

Security Data

CDXs can be set up and maintained using Issue Viewer, Security Reference Manager (SRM), or Reference Data Center (RDC). The list below contains all fields required to configure a CDX SMF.

• Issue Name (961)
• Primary Asset ID (14) & Primary Asset ID Type (1432)
• Unique Product Identifier (1955) & Unique Swap Identifier (1958)
• Processing Security Type (3931) = SWCDCX (CDX Swap Contract)
• Price Multiplier (18) = 0.01
• Issue Country (1418)
• Asset Currency (85)
• Coupon (70) = 1.00 or 5.00
• Coupon Type (97) = F (Fixed Rate)
• Day Count Basis (471) = ACT/360
• Payment Frequency (472) = 3_M (Quarterly)
• Business Day Convention (1536)
  • V15 R2 and above = ADJMBC (Modified Following - Adjusted)
  • Prior to V15 R2 = ADJMBC (Modified Business Day - Adjusted)
• Coupon Day of Month (10551) = 20
• Business Calendar (1480)
• Issue Date (68): first trade date of the swap
• Dated Date (1183): date accruals start, "Effective Date" in ISDA contracts
• First Coupon Date (473)
• Last Coupon Date (474)
• Maturity Date (38): date swap expires, "Expiration Date" or "Termination Date" in ISDA contracts
• Cleared Security (5027)
  • No: CDX will follow standard security workflow with periodic coupons generated and valuation based on price * quantity
  • Yes: CDX will follow cleared security workflow with daily exchange of variation margin based on daily accruals and unrealized gain/loss from day-over-day price movement
• Underlying Security (1347): a separate index (Processing Security Type = INXXXX) can be created to track the underlying basket of reference entities, with the constituents of the basket linked to the index as underlyings, and the index linked to the CDX as an underlying
  • Another option for tracking the underlying relationship is to use Eagle's look-through capabilities driven by Look Thru Value (1808) and Look Thru Ind (1776), but this requires creating a dummy entity that holds positions in all of the constituents; please contact Instrument Engineering for details

Ensure the fields below are not populated. They are not required for CDX and can cause processing inconsistencies if they are populated. They are hidden by default.

• Notional Reset Type (4409)
• Premium Indicator (3302)
• Buy/Sell Indicator (1364)
• Pay Receive Indicator (4590)

Trade Processing

Open (event type: BUY or SHORTSELL)

Trades are entered using the Book Trade module once the entity and reference data have been configured. Enter the appropriate entity, security identifier, and trade (35)/settle (37) dates and click Submit to query for the security. Right-click it and select Open > Long Index (Sell Protection) or Short Index (Buy Protection). The former creates positive units and accrues a receivable, while the latter creates negative units and accrues a payable. The list below contains all fields required to book a CDX trade.

• Traded Interest/Effective Date (2857): date to which traded interest is calculated; typically Trade Date or TD + 1
  
  • This should NOT be set equal to "Effective Date" defined in your ISDA term sheet or trade ticket; "Effective Date" should be mapped to Dated Date on the security setup
  • CDX sometimes have Trade Date = Settlement Date, where Traded Interest/Effective Date needs to be T+1 to calculate correct traded interest and accruals
• Select Values to be Calculated by STAR (7000): set to Traded Interest to have it calculated, or Calculate None to enter it manually
• Data Entry Method (10485): select Enter Price to supply a clean unit price or Enter Total Settlement Amount to supply the all-inclusive trade proceeds (both can be positive or negative)
  • Enter Price: cost (Principal) is equal to Notional Principal Value * (Price - 100) * Price Multiplier, with net cash (Net Amount) equal to Principal + Traded Interest
    • Long Index (Sell Protection)
      • Price < 100          Receive Fee to Open          Cost Basis is negative
      • Price > 100          Pay Fee to Open                 Cost Basis is positive
    • Short Index (Buy Protection): the STAR 2 PACE convention for all securities is to flip the signage on short positions, resulting in the signage shown below; this is the opposite of what you will see in Position Viewer for short positions
      • Price < 100          Pay Fee to Open                 Cost Basis is positive
      • Price > 100          Receive Fee to Open          Cost Basis is negative
  • Enter Total Settlement Amount: cost (Principal) is equal to Total Settlement Amount - Traded Interest
    • Long Index (Sell Protection)
      
      • Positive Total Settlement Amount: creates a cash payable for the net amount (with accrued interest being paid)
      • Negative Total Settlement Amount: creates a cash receivable for the net amount (with accrued interest being paid)
    • Short Index (Buy Protection)
      
      • Positive Total Settlement Amount: creates a cash receivable for the net amount (with accrued interest being received)
      • Negative Total Settlement Amount: creates a cash payable for the net amount (with accrued interest being received)
    • Calculated Price (16743) is calculated as ((Total Settlement Amount - Traded Interest) / Notional Principal Value / Price Multiplier) + 100
• Original Face (41): full/original notional value, without the effect of any factors or credit events
• Factor (91): current factor on the index, between 1.00000 and 0.00001
  • This is multiplied by Original Face to calculate the notional cost, current notional, and principal of the trade
• Notional Principal Value (40) = Original Face * Factor 
• Price (45): enter if using Enter Price
• Total Settlement Amount (4404): enter if using Enter Total Settlement Amount
• Principal (165): calculated automatically as described above
• Traded Interest (49): interest bought or sold, calculated since Dated Date or last coupon date
  • Paid for sell protection, received for buy protection
• Broker (88)
• Counterparty (1144, optional): can be selected from a list of all Issuers that have been tagged as counterparties (refer to Setting Up Legal Entities Best Practices for more information)

Close (event type: SELL or BUYCVR)

The Book Trade module should also be used to process both full and partial terminations. Enter the same information as the open to query for the security. Right-click it and select Close > Long Index (Sell Protection) or Short Index (Buy Protection) depending on whether the existing position was selling or buying protection. All fields on the close are the same as the open, except Lot Selection Method (27). CDXs can be closed using either FIFO or IDLOT.

• Accrual End Date (4412): defaults to Settlement Date, which results in Traded Interest through Settlement Date - 1 (similar to a bond)
  • To calculate through Trade Date (typical for CDS), populate with T+1
• Data Entry Method
  • Enter Price: enter par-based price
    • Close > Long Index (Sell Protection)
      • Price < 100          Pay Fee to Close
      • Price > 100          Receive Fee to Close
    • Close > Short Index (Buy Protection)
      
      • Price < 100          Receive Fee to Close
      • Price > 100          Pay Fee to Close
  • Enter Total Settlement Amount: enter the net Total Settlement Amount of the trade inclusive of traded interest
    • Close > Long Index (Sell Protection)
      
      • Positive Total Settlement Amount: creates a cash receivable for the net amount (with accrued interest being received)
      • Negative Total Settlement Amount: creates a cash payable for the net amount (with accrued interest being received)
    • Close > Short Index (Buy Protection)
      
      • Positive Total Settlement Amount: creates a cash payable for the net amount (with accrued interest being paid)
      • Negative Total Settlement Amount: creates a cash receivable for the net amount (with accrued interest being paid)

The table below details Eagle's trade and market value calculations for opens and terminations of CDX using par-based prices, including gains and losses due to price movements. This is based on Data Management signage.

Open Sell Protection

Open Buy Protection

Cancel & Rebook

Faulty CDX transactions can be cancelled and rebooked using the Cancel & Rebook Trade module, which will also replay the full lifecycle of the position. Alternatively, trades can be cancelled using Cancel Trade, with the transaction rebooked using the Book Trade module.

Accounting

Once a CDX trade is booked, it will be picked up in Eagle's global workflow. Daily accruals and periodic coupons are generated as part of the earnings process, Eagle Accounting valuation is calculated when posting unrealized gain/loss, and Data Management valuation is calculated in the STAR to PACE push. These can be scheduled or triggered manually.

• V17 & Above: Accounting Center > Processing and Exceptions > Global Processes

  • Accruals: Earnings > Run Income Accruals

  • Accounting Valuation: Unrealized Gain Loss Entries > Post Daily Fund Unrealized Gain Loss-Position

  • Data Management Valuation: Eagle STAR to Eagle PACE Direct Processing > Transfer Data - Batch

• Prior to V17: Global Process Center

  • Accruals: Earnings > Accrue

  • Accounting Valuation: Unrealized Gain Loss Entries > Post Daily Fund Unrealized Gain Loss-Position

  • Data Management Valuation: STAR to PACE Direct Processing > Transfer Data - Batch

Valuation

CDXs are valued using clean par-based prices, entered via Add Issue Price.

• Market Value = Current Notional * (Price - 100) * Price Multiplier * Quantity Scale
  • Current Notional = Original Notional * Factor
  • Notional will be negative when buying protection (going short)
• Notional Market Value = Currency Notional * Price * Price Multiplier * Quantity Scale
• Clean prices (excluding accrued interest) must be supplied to avoid double-counting

Pricing

CDX securities can be priced on a daily basis, with unrealized gain/loss calculated based on the day-to-day price movements. The direction of the price movement above or below par and the current cost basis of the position will determine whether there is an unrealized gain or loss on the security.

• The Market Value Income of the security will include the effects of period-to-date (PTD) accruals and any traded interest.

The attached worksheet CDX.NA.HY.17 Eagle Pricing Calculations.xlsx walks through an example of how the price you see in Bloomberg translates into the values calculated by Eagle. Another attached work, CDX Unrealized GL - Market Value Calculations.xlsx, shows how Eagle Accounting will calculate unrealized gain/loss on a CDX and how the market value will be stored in Data Management. The example is based on a beginning notional of $1,000,000 and a factor of 1.00.

Credit Events

Credit Event

Processing credit events as corporate actions allows for a single announcement to be processed against all entities and creates a consistent workflow between CDXs and other asset classes.

Process

Corporate actions involve a two-step process of setting up an announcement, then triggering it.

1. Use Add Corporate Action Announcement > Credit Event to create an announcement detailing the factor, dates, and recovery rate

   1. Interest rebates payable/receivable will be included based on Event Determination Date (65), most recent coupon date of the security, and Pay Date (1275)

   2. If there are two concurrent credit events for the same CDX, use Corporate Action Sub Priority (3961) to ensure they are processed in the correct order (lower numbers have priority)

   3. A workflow should be established to ensure the corporate action dates are correct, as there are currently no edit checks

2. Trigger the corporate action automatically as part of daily global processing

   1. It can also be triggered manually using Global Process Center > Corporate Action Processing > Cash Tender/Calls/Puts/Refund/Credit Event

   2. For Cleared CDX (with variation margin), the impact of each credit event will be included in variation margin on Effective Date (1109) + Business Offset Days (16770)

Fields

• Issue Name (961)

• Sweep Date (1197): credit event will processed when corporate actions are triggered for this date

• Effective Date: date the notional reduction will take effect

• Event Determination Date: date to which accruals will be rebated

• Pay Date: date that cash is due to settle

• Business Offset Days: number of business days to offset value submitted for Effective Date to prevent cancelation of prior day's variation margin

  • V15: field is hidden and null

  • V17: field is shown and defaults to 1 for workflows where credit events are processed on Effective Date + 1

• Corporate Action Status (54) = Released

• Corporate Action Sub Priority: priority with which credit events will be processed (use default of 1 unless there are two or more concurrent credit events)

• Mandatory/Voluntary Indicator (1734) = Mandatory

• Price (1692): recovery amount set at auction (this will be subtracted from 100 to determine the amount due based on the % of notional reduction)

• Factor Rate (1696): new factor, between 0.99999 and 0.00001 (Rate of Reduction used to process the close will be calculated from this factor)

• Corporate Action Type (1728) = CREDIT EVENT

Credit Event Example

• Factor = new factor applicable to the index
             = Current Factor - Rate of Reduction
             = Current Factor - (1 / # of constituents in the index)

• % of Notional to Close = Original Face x Rate of Reduction

• $ Payable / Receivable = % of Notional to Close * (100 - Recovery Amount) * Price Multiplier

  • Recovery Amount = Price from Corporate Action

Example C shows credit event calculations, including factor and notional adjustments.

Interest accrues from most recent coupon date up to and including Event Determination Date. There are some exceptions, as shown in Example D below. Rebate is applicable when Event Determination Date < Most Recent Coupon Date < Cash Settlement Date of Credit Event.

Roll (V17 R2)

When credit events occur CDXs start trading on a new factor and a new "series" of the CDX is issued. This new series has identical terms and conditions, with the exception of a change to the identifier. Beginning in V17 R2 existing positions can be rolled to the new series using an Exchange Offer corporate action. This allows a single announcement to be processed against all entities holding the CDX. Applying the corporate action is a two-step process as described below.

• Set up Exchange Offer corporate action announcement

  • From Issue Name (961): Issue Name of old CDX series

  • Sweep Date (1197): roll will be processed when corporate actions are triggered for this date

  • Ex Date (65): date on which roll activity will occur

  • Exchange Offer Type (2291) = Rate

  • Cost Allocation Rate (1279): typically 1.00 to roll position on a 1-to-1 basis

  • To Issue Name (1141): Issue Name of new CDX series

  • Corporate Action Type = Exchange Offer

• Trigger corporate action manually via global processing or automatically using an automated job; both methods rely on the Merger/Exchange Offer/Assimilation/etc. job

  • Note: currently this can only be triggered for One Entity/All Securities and All Entities/All Securities

Credit Event Cancel & Rebook (Bilateral/No Variation Margin)

• When processing a new credit event predating one that has already been processed, the prior credit event must be canceled before triggering the new one; both credit events can then be rerun in the correct order
• To correct a credit event that has already been processed it must canceled and reprocessed
  • Alternately, the status can be changed back to pending and the record manually deleted after running the global process to cancel corporate actions
  • The corporate action global process can then be rerun for the appropriate Sweep Date; Eagle Accounting rollback/replay will reverse the earlier events and cancel the entries and adjustments

Roll (V17 R2)

When credit events occur CDXs start trading on a new factor and a new "series" of the CDX is issued. This new series has identical terms and conditions, with the exception of a change to the identifier. Beginning in V17 R2 existing positions can be rolled to the new series using an Exchange Offer corporate action. This allows a single announcement to be processed against all entities holding the CDX. Applying the corporate action is a two-step process as described below.

• Set up Exchange Offer corporate action announcement
  • From Issue Name (961): Issue Name of old CDX series
  • Sweep Date (1197): roll will be processed when corporate actions are triggered for this date
  • Ex Date (65): date on which roll activity will occur
  • Exchange Offer Type (2291) = Rate
  • Cost Allocation Rate (1279): typically 1.00 to roll position on a 1-to-1 basis
  • To Issue Name (1141): Issue Name of new CDX series
  • Corporate Action Type = Exchange Offer
• Trigger corporate action manually via global processing or automatically using an automated job; both methods rely on the Merger/Exchange Offer/Assimilation/etc. job
  • Note: currently this can only be triggered for One Entity/All Securities and All Entities/All Securities

FCM Change (V17 R2)

Periodically a CDX will have its futures commission merchant (FCM, or Clearing Broker in Eagle term) changed. Beginning in V17 R2 this can be accomplished for bilateral CDX using Run Interportfolio Transfer (not available for cleared CDX), with positions transferred at their current market values.

• Origin Entity Information
  • Entity Name (1164) & ID (1163): of original entity holding the position
• Recipient Entity Information
  • Entity Name (1084) & ID (301): of new entity to which the position is being transferred
• Accounting Information
  • Transfer Method (1872): must be Market for CDXs
  • Trade Date (35): date the position will be transferred
  • Issue Name (961): of security being transferred
  • Event Type (55) = FUNDSPLTMRG
  • Original Face (41): notional to be transferred (can be full or partial)
  • Current Factor (91): between 1.00000 and 0.00001
    • Multiplied by Original Face to calculate the current notional and notional cost of the transfer
  • Price (319): looked up automatically, but can be overridden
  • Clearing Broker (1237): can be entered if different than the origin entity

Reporting

STAR to PACE (S2P)

Almost all reports in Eagle Accounting leverage data from Data Management, which is populated by the S2P process. This will be scheduled as part of the daily workflow, but can also be triggered manually as described in the Accounting section.

The S2P process creates one row for each CDX in the POSITION, POSITION_DETAIL, TRADE, and CASH_ACTIVITY tables. The MARKET_VALUE_INCOME column captures the total market value, inclusive of price fluctuations and period-to-date accruals payable or receivable.

Accounting Reports

Eagle has a core set of accounting reports that can be used to review CDX and other security information. These are designed to support the daily operational workflow for business users, allowing Grid Reports to be easily exported to Excel and customized to provide additional details as needed. Advanced Reports are intended to be client-facing and do not provide the same level of customization.

Insurance Reporting

To categorize derivatives for insurance reporting, such as the Schedule DB, Derivative Elections (56) must be set to Hedging Effective, Hedging Other, Income Generation, Replications, or Other on all trades. Leaving the default of Trade will prevent the transaction from appearing on insurance reports.

Data Management Reporting

General Reporting (Eagle OLAP)

OLAP reports provide the maximum level of customization, allowing any column in Data Management to be pulled into a report. These go beyond the Eagle Accounting Grid Reports because they are not limited by core queries, can support multiple sources and various types of calculations, and provide drill-down functionality based on user-defined groupings.

Performance

The performance toolkit calculates market value-based performance for CDXs using data supplied by the S2P process. However, this can be misleading because swaps use notional values and typically start with a market value of zero.

The following chart shows how Eagle will calculate performance on a Sell Protection CDX. It also includes the effects of a credit event (5% reduction in index), cash settlement of the credit event (fund pays 800k), and finally a partial close (400k @ 103.5 with proceeds = 140K).

Exposure-based analyses, which can be implemented using Eagle Enrichment, calculate more accurate returns. The documentation and .egl file for bilateral CDX enrichment are linked below as attachments. Additional details are available in Exposure Reporting Best Practices and the Eagle Enrichment User Guide 2015. Note: CDX positions require synthetic cash offsets to accurately reflect performance on the fund level. Depending on your version, minor panel changes may be required to allow synthetic cash to be created and linked for these instruments. Please contact Instrument Engineering through your Eagle representative for details.

• CDX Enrichment Bilateral EGIE_005.egl
• CDX Enrichment Bilateral EGIE_005.xlsx

Automation

CDX security master files (SMFs) and trades can be loaded through the standard Message Center streams. The SMF must be loaded prior to the trade (trades do not spawn SMFs). Refer to the Supported Generic Interfaces V17 for more information.

Sample messages for the standard interfaces are listed below.

Other Notes

Weighting and number of constituents in the underlying index are not currently stored on the SMF, so the factor must be provided at trade time (for opens, closes, and credit events). It is important to verify it on these events. If a case arises where there are two concurrent credit events against the same index, the Corporate Action Sub Priority fields should be provided on the Credit Event Corporate Actions to ensure that they are processed in the correct order.