Inflation-Linked Asset Swaps (ILAS) Best Practices
Overview
This document applies to all releases of Eagle software V11 and above. It covers the full lifecycle including Accounting, Data Management, and Performance. Version-dependent functionality is noted with the initial release(s) it became available.
Inflation-Linked Swaps (ILS) allow one party to make fixed or floating interest payments to a counterparty in exchange for payments based on the level of inflation. This is benchmarked against a measure of inflation, such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI). In an Inflation-Linked Asset Swap (ILAS), the inflation leg mimics an underlying Inflation-Linked Bond (ILB). It uses the exact same accrual terms as the ILB and pays with the same frequency. For ILS contracts where there is a single bullet payment at maturity, refer to Zero-Coupon Inflation Swaps (ZCIS) Best Practices.
Eagle Accounting supports both bilateral and cleared ILAS in V12.1.2 and above. This document focuses on bilateral contracts. Refer to Cleared Swaps Best Practices for more information on processing cleared Interest Rate Swaps, which function identically to ILAS in terms of variation margin (VM) processing.
Example reference data screens and fixed leg accrued interest calculations are attached:
Entity Setup
Before any trades can be booked, the target entity must be set up appropriately. Refer to Swaps Entity Setup Processing Notes for details.
Reference Data
Storage & Configuration
Eagle has modeled ILAS as three rows in Data Management, each with its own Security Alias (10), linked by a common Primary Asset ID (14). Eagle Accounting must be set up to allow duplicate IDs for swaps by following the steps in Allow Duplicate Cross Reference Identifiers Processing Notes.
Refer to Multi-Leg SWAPIDs Processing Notes for information about the unique SWAPID identifiers that are automatically created for the contract and each leg of a multi-leg swap.
Market Data
The underlying inflation index must be set up and populated with the appropriate periodic values. If the underlying bond is a United States Treasury Inflation-Protected Security (US TIPS), this means monthly Consumer Price Index (CPI) values. Refer to Inflation-Linked Bonds (ILB) Best Practices and Inflation-Linked Bonds (ILB) Best Practices for more information about creating and populating underlying inflation indexes.
For floating legs, the underlying floating rate index must also be set up and populated with the appropriate periodic rates. Refer to Interest Rate Swaps (IRS) Best Practices for more information about creating and populating floating rate indexes.
Security Data
ILAS can be set up and maintained in Reference Data Center (RDC) or Issue Viewer. Most data is entered on the contract and propagated to the legs. Specific accrual conventions are entered separately on each leg.
Contract
Issue Name (961)
Primary Asset ID (14) & Type (1432): ensure duplicate IDs are allowed (see Storage & Configuration section above)
Processing Security Type (3931) =
SWCOIF (Inflation Linked Swap Contract)Price Multiplier (18): the default of
0.01will be correct in most cases, but may need to be changed to1.00(ILAS prices are sometimes supplied having already been multiplied by0.01)Issue Country (1418)
Asset Currency (85)
Cleared Security (5027) = null or
NoIf you trade cleared ILAS, please contact Instrument Engineering
Issue Date (68): first trade date of the swap
Dated Date (1183): date accruals start, "Effective Date" in ISDA contracts
Maturity Date (38): date swap expires, "Expiration Date" or "Termination Date" in ISDA contracts
Inflation Leg
Most accrual terms are identical to the underlying ILB. Key fields are noted below. Refer to Inflation-Linked Bonds (ILB) Best Practices for more information about configuring the accrual terms for inflation-linked securities.
Processing Security Type (3931) =
SWLEIF (Swap Leg Inflation Linked Interest Accrual)Coupon (70): same as underlying bond
Coupon Type (97): same as underlying bond
Day Count Basis (471): same as underlying bond
Payment Frequency (472): same as underlying bond
Business Day Convention (1536): typically Modified Following, which is
ADJMBC (Modified Following - Adjusted)Coupon Day of Month (10551): day of the month that payments are scheduled to be made, which will be automatically adjusted based on the Business Day Convention
Business Calendar (1480): as specified in the contract; a composite calendar (including dates from two different calendars) may need to be setup in some cases
First (473) & Last Payment Date (474): as specified in contract
These dates will align with the underlying bond payment schedule during the tenor of the ILAS contract
Underlying Security (1347): populate with the appropriate underlying inflation index (CPI, RPI, etc.)
Dated Date CPI (1550): reference inflation index value on dated date
ILB Calculation Type (11808): select based on country of issue and series
ILB Index Precision (11017): number of decimal places to which the ILB index ratios will be calculated (Eagle Accounting supports up to 12)
ILB Deflation Protected Maturity (11809): defines if the initial principal investment is protected at the time of maturity
ILB Min Index Ratio (3854): defines the lowest index ratio to which amortization will be calculated for the purposes of realizing gain/loss at maturity
This only applies when the entity-level Min ILB Ratio Flag =
Yes
Interest Leg
The interest leg works identically to an IRS leg. It can be either fixed or floating rate. Refer to Interest Rate Swaps (IRS) Best Practices for more information about configuring the accrual terms for fixed or floating legs.
Trade Processing
Open and close trades are booked identically to IRSs. The price is entered on the contract and accrued interest, if applicable, is calculated on the appropriate leg. Refer to Interest Rate Swaps (IRS) Best Practices for more information about booking trades.
The one additional field for ILAS processing is ILB Index Ratio (4483) on the inflation leg. This is retrieved automatically and is used in the traded interest calculation.
Conversion
The CONVERSION event is supported for ILAS. This uses the core open swap screen, rather than the dedicated conversion screen.
Cancel & Rebook
Faulty transactions must be cancelled using Batch Cancel Trades, with the transaction rebooked using the Book Trade module. Ensure Level of Batchcancel (1256) is set to Entity Level. ILAS are not supported in the Cancel & Rebook Trade process. Maturities must also be canceled using Batch Cancel Trades.
Accounting
Once an ILAS trade is booked it will be picked up in Eagle’s global workflow. Inflation-adjusted daily accruals and periodic coupon payments are generated using underlying CPI values as part of the earnings process, Accounting valuation is calculated when posting unrealized gain/loss, and Data Management valuation is calculated in STAR to PACE. These can be scheduled or triggered manually.
Valuation
Eagle Accounting values ILAS using clean unit prices on a par-zero basis (around zero rather than around 100). Prices must be entered at the contract level using Add Issue Price or Pricing Center. The market value formula is:
Market Value = Notional Amount * Price * Price Multiplier * Quantity Scale
Leg-level accrued interest is captured in Market Value Income on each leg
Inflation leg accrued interest includes the inflation adjustment
The total value of the ILAS is the net MVI across the contract and legs