Entity Setup

Before any trades can be booked, the target entity must be set up appropriately. Futures & Options with Margin Transaction Fees (3889) must be populated any time the Option or underlying Future has Variation Margin (4533) = Yes. The other Future-related fields are only required if the Option will be physically exercised into the underlying Future.

Note: Future Options are always processed as Identified cost regardless of an entity's Cost Method (22) setting.

Reference Data

Storage & Configuration

Eagle has modeled Option security master files (SMFs) as single rows in Data Management. The underlying Future can be set up ahead of time and then linked to the Option via the Underlying Security fields. The Underlying Security fields are optional on the SMF, but are required for physical exercises or assignments.

Market Data

Future Option prices must be loaded directly to the contract (they will not be pulled from the underlying security).

Security Data

Options can be set up and maintained in Issue Viewer, Security Reference Manager (SRM), or Reference Data Center (RDC). The list below contains all fields required to configure a Future Option SMF.

• Issue Name (961)
• Primary Asset ID (14) & Type (1432)
• Processing Security Type (3931) = OPOPCM (Future Option)
• Contract Size (19): number of Futures that each Option is entitled to
• Issue Country (1418)
• Asset Currency (85)
• Expiration Date (38): date when Accounting will automatically expire the Option, unless the entity-level Options and Futures Expiration Delay Days field has been populated
• Strike Price (67): price at which the Option can be exercised or assigned
• Option Type (1142)
  • American: Option can be exercised or assigned at any time until expiration, assuming the strike price has been reached
  • European: Option can be exercised or assigned on expiration date only
  • Bermudan: functions the same way as American in Accounting; this option exists for reference data purposes only
• Premium Type (3302)
  • Cost: Option premium is settled to cash and valuation is the same as a vanilla equity option
  • Notional Cost: Option premium is not settled to cash, but instead held as a notional cost similar to Futures without variation margin (VM)
    • Variation Margin (4533, only if Premium Type = Notional Cost)
      • Yes: VM is calculated and settled to cash, resulting in a MV of zero on the Option
      • No: Accounting does not calculate VM, resulting in a MV on the Option equal to its URGL
    • Variation Margin Rule (2289, see the Valuation section for calculation details): defines how VM or unrealized gain/loss is calculated
      • Standard Life to Date: most US and foreign Future Options use this calculation
      • 10-Year Australian Government Bond (10Yr AUDGOVTBND): for Future Options on 10-year Australian government bonds; requires that Underlying Coupon Rate and Payment Frequency be populated as well
      • 3-Year Australian Government Bond (3Yr AUDGOVTBND): for Future Options on 3-year Australian government bond; requires that Underlying Coupon Rate and Payment Frequency be populated as well
      • Australian 90-Day Bank Bill (AUD 90 Day Bank Bill): for Future Options on Australian 90-day bank bills
      • US Treasury: for Options on US Treasury Futures
• Put/Call Flag (1350)

Trade Processing

Trades are entered using the Book Trade module once entity and reference data have been configured. Enter the appropriate entity, security identifier, and trade (35)/settle (37) dates and click Submit to query for the security. Right-click it and select Open. The list below contains all fields required to book a Future Option trade.

Net Option Positions = No

Open > Buy

This creates a long position (long with positive quantity).

• Contracts (40): number of contracts being transacted
• Price Per Contract (45): this is multiplied by Contracts and Contract size to calculate the premium
• Commission Per Contract (971): this is multiplied by Contracts to calculate Commission Amount Local (47), which is factored into the net amount
• Tax Amount (46), SEC Fee (48), Stamp Duty Tax (51), & Other Fee (3752): these are added to the premium and commission to generate the total net amount
  • These fields are only available when Variation Margin = No
• Broker (88)
• Clearing Broker (1237): only required when Variation Margin = Yes

Open > Write

This creates a short position (short with positive quantity), using the same fields as above.

Close > Sell

This closes (partially or fully) a previously established long position, using the same fields as above.

Close > Buy to Cover

This closes (partially or fully) a previously established short position, using the same fields as above.

Net Option Positions = Yes

Open > Buy

This creates a long position (long with positive quantity) or closes a previously established short position (long with negative quantity), using the same fields as above.

Close > Sell

This creates a short position (long with negative quantity) or closes a previously established long position (long with positive quantity), using the same fields as above.

Commission/Fees

Any commissions and fees involved in the transaction can be entered at trade time. For Future Option with Variation Margin = Yes, the entity-level Futures & Options with Margin Transaction Fees determines how commissions and fees are treated (the default election is Capital).

• Capital: commission + fees are added to the notional amount used for calculating VM
  • They will be reflected in CASH when the VM process is run for Trade Date, Approved, and Settled
  • Notional Cost = (contracts * price) + commission + fees
• Expense: commission + fees will be expensed and excluded from cost for subsequent gain/loss calculations
  • The commission + fees are still included in margin approval process and will be reflected in CASH when the VM process is run for Trade Date, Approved, and Settled
  • Notional Cost = Contracts * Price

Accounting

Once a Future Option position has been established it will be picked up in Eagle’s global workflow. Accounting valuation is calculated when posting unrealized gain/loss and Data Management valuation is calculated in STAR to PACE.

For Future Options with Variation Margin = Yes, the VM process must also be triggered. Refer to Futures (FUT) Best Practices for detailed information on the VM workflow.

Valuation

Future Option valuation varies depending on the reference data elections for Premium Type and Variation Margin (if applicable).

• Premium Type = Cost
  • Market Value = # of Contracts * Contract Size * Price * Price Multiplier
• Premium Type = Notional Cost
  • Variation Margin = No
    • Market Value = # of Contracts * Contract Size * (Market Price - Trade Price) * Price Multiplier
  • Variation Margin = Yes
    • Market Value = zero (VM settled to cash each day based on day-over-day price movement)

Note: refer to Futures (FUT) Best Practices for detailed information on valuation when using Notional Cost and the calculations behind each Variation Margin Rule.

Exercise/Assign

Exercises and assignments are processed using Book Trade > Other > Exercise. By definition, purchased Options are exercised and written Options are assigned, but they use the same process in Accounting.

Settlement

Options can be exercised or assigned using cash or physical settlement. Cash settlement has no effect on the underlying asset; it is simply an exchange of money based on the exercise price. Physical settlement results in either opening or closing a position in the underlying asset.

Cash Settlement

Price Per Contract (45): enter the exercise/assign price. This is informational only, as no cash payment or receipt is generated from the transaction.

Resulting activity depends on Variation Margin = Yes or No.

• No: cash settlement simply closes the specified number of Option on a Future contracts with associated cost treated as realized loss (purchased) or proceeds as realized gain (written)
• Yes: cash settlement closes the specified number of Future Option contracts
  • Purchased Call or Put: Gain (Loss) = # of contracts exercised * contract size * (exercise price - price per contract) * price multiplier
  • Written Call or Put: Gain (Loss) = # of contracts exercised * contract size * (price per contract - exercise price) * price multiplier
  • Note: realized gain/loss is not calculated based on initial price and exercise price

Physical Settlement

To Clearing Broker (5529): enter the clearing broker for the underlying Future (required even if underlying Future is without variation margin).

There is no cash movement when physically exercising an Option on a Future. Resulting activity depends on Variation Margin = Yes or No.

• No: Option cost/premium allocated as URGL to underlying Future
• Yes: Option gain or loss from VM allocated as URGL to underlying Future
  • Purchased Call: establishes long position
  • Written Call: reduces long position; does not occur if underlying future is without VM
  • Purchased Put: reduces long position; does not occur if underlying future is without VM
  • Written Put: establishes long position

Physical Short Settlement

Not supported for Future Options.

Exercise/Assign Events

Accounting will automatically move the Option’s cost to the underlying security when the contract is exercised, via these events in Accounting:

• Close the Option contract
• Open or close the underlying security position (long or short)
• Allocate Option cost or premium to the underlying security position

Canceling Exercise/Assign Events

Canceling an exercise or assign event requires the use of the Batch Cancel Trades panel. Query for the appropriate date range, entity, and security, then set Choose Trade to Cancel (962) = the target exercise/assign event. This will roll back the exercise/assign event by removing the action on underlying shares and restoring the original position. Option trades can be canceled using the regular Cancel Trade panel or rebooked using the Cancel & Rebook Trades module.

Expire

If the contract is not closed prior, Eagle Accounting will expire the Option on expiration date plus the number of days defined in the entity’s Options and Futures Expiration Delay Days election.

Reporting

STAR to PACE (S2P)

Almost all reports in Eagle leverage data from Data Management, which is populated by the S2P process. This will be scheduled as part of the daily workflow, but can also be triggered manually as described in the Accounting section.

The S2P process creates a single row for each Future Option in the POSITION, POSITION_DETAIL, TRADE, and CASH_ACTIVITY tables. Cash activity is appropriately signed based on whether the Future Option is bought or written.

Accounting Reports

Eagle has a core set of accounting reports that can be used to review Future Option information. These are designed to support the daily operational workflow for business users, allowing Grid Reports to be easily exported to Excel and customized to provide additional details as needed. Advanced Reports are intended to be client-facing and do not provide the same level of customization.

Insurance Reporting

Data Management Reporting

Performance

The performance toolkit calculates market value-based performance for Future Options using data supplied by the S2P process. However, this can be misleading because traditional market values do not capture an Option’s true exposure. Exposure-based analyses, which can be implemented using Eagle Enrichment, calculate more accurate returns. The documentation and .egl files linked below as attachments are available for beta testing. Additional details are available in Exposure Reporting Best Practices and the Eagle Enrichment User Guide 2015

• Options on Futures Enrichment Rule EGIE_008.egl
• Options on Futures Enrichment Inventory EGIE_008.xlsx

Automation

Future Option security master files (SMFs) and trades can be loaded through the standard Message Center streams. The SMF must be loaded prior to the trade (trades do not spawn SMFs). Refer to the Supported Generic Interfaces guide for more information.

• When Net Option Positions = Yes, short positions are maintained using standard Buy and Sell transactions
• When Net Option Positions = No, short positions are maintained using Write and BuytoCover transactions
  • Event Type (55) must set to WRITE or BUYCVR to process these trades

Below are the standard interfaces provided out-of-the-box for Message Center.